Expert System for Safety Recommendations of Active Ingredients Combinations Based on Skin Conditions Using a Rule-Based System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61536/ambidextrous.v5i02.708Keywords:
Active Ingredients, Forward Chaining, Skin Conditions, Rule-Based Systems, Expert SystemsAbstract
The growth of skincare products increases the need for easily accessible information regarding the safety of active ingredient combinations based on skin conditions. This study aims to develop an expert system that provides recommendations for the safety of active ingredient combinations based on the user's skin condition. The study used a system development method with a Rule-Based System approach and the Forward Chaining inference method. The study did not use conventional human populations and samples, but rather used peer-reviewed literature data from 2022–2025 and expert validation. The research instrument consisted of 25 condition rules covering six active ingredients, five skin conditions, and 15 unique active ingredient pairs. Data analysis was carried out through content analysis and expert validation using a four-level scale. The results showed that the system was able to generate recommendations in three categories: Recommended, Caution, and Not Recommended. Black Box testing showed that the authentication, knowledge base management, consultation, combination analysis, and prediction history functions ran as needed. In conclusion, the developed system can be used as an initial consultation medium to provide structured and easily accessible information on active ingredient safety
Downloads
References
Alvarez, G. V., Kang, B. Y., Richmond, A. M., et al. (2025). Skincare ingredients recommended by cosmetic dermatologists: A Delphi consensus study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 93(6), 1509–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2025.04.021
Almeman, A. A. (2024). Evaluating the efficacy and safety of alpha-hydroxy acids in dermatological practice: A comprehensive clinical and legal review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 17, 1661–1685. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S453243
Chow, A., Teo, S. H., Kong, J. W., Lee, S., Heng, Y. K., van Steensel, M., & Smith, H. (2022). Patients' experiences of telemedicine for their skin problems: Qualitative study. JMIR Dermatology, 5(1), e24956. https://doi.org/10.2196/24956
Correia, G., & Magina, S. (2023). Efficacy of topical vitamin C in melasma and photoaging: A systematic review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 22(7), 1938–1945. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15748
Dréno, B., Layton, A., Troielli, P., Rocha, M., & Chavda, R. (2022). Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide gel 0.3%/2.5% for acne vulgaris. European Journal of Dermatology, 32(4), 445–450. https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2022.4275
Jakpat. (2022). 2022 beauty trends: JAKPAT survey report. Jakpat Insight. https://insight.jakpat.net/2022-beauty-trends-jakpat-survey-report-2022/
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Cetak biru strategi transformasi digital kesehatan 2024. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia. (2023). Perkembangan industri kosmetik nasional. Kemenko Perekonomian. https://www.ekon.go.id/
Kontzias, C., Zaino, M., & Feldman, S. R. (2023). Tretinoin 0.1% and benzoyl peroxide 3% cream for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 57(9), 1088–1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280221147338
Lopez-Villegas, A., Bautista-Mesa, R. J., Baena-Lopez, M. A., et al. (2022). Economic impact and cost savings of teledermatology units compared to conventional monitoring at hospitals in southern Spain. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 28(6), 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X20942044
Mambwe, B., Mellody, K. T., Kiss, O., O’Connor, C., Bell, M., Watson, R. E. B., & Langton, A. K. (2025). Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 47(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.13013
Reynolds, R. V., Yeung, H., Cheng, C. E., et al. (2024). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 90(5), 1006.e1–1006.e30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.017
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
Skinner, R., Breck, A., & Esposito, D. (2022). An economic evaluation of teledermatology care delivery for chronic skin diseases. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 11(2), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0062
Tempark, T., Shem, A., & Lueangarun, S. (2024). Efficacy of ceramides and niacinamide-containing moisturizer versus hydrophilic cream in combination with topical anti-acne treatment in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: A split-face, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 23(5), 1758–1765. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16212
World Health Organization. (2021). Global strategy on digital health 2020–2025. World Health Organization.
ZAP Clinic. (2024). ZAP Beauty Index 2024. ZAP Clinic & MarkPlus, Inc. https://zapclinic.com/files/ZAP_Beauty_Index_2024.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitra Ramadhan Lubis, Wilda Rina Hasibuan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.












