Design and Construction of a Current and Voltage Monitoring System as an Indicator of Disturbances in IoT-Based Runway Edge Lights

Abstract

Runway lighting is a critical facility that supports the safety and reliability of airport operations, particularly during nighttime operations and adverse weather conditions with limited visibility. However, fault detection in runway edge lights is generally conducted through periodic visual inspections, which may delay the identification of failures such as lamp outages, voltage drops, or electrical disturbances. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and fault detection system for runway edge lights capable of monitoring electrical parameters in real time. The proposed system utilizes an ACS712 current sensor, a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, an LCD display, and an IoT-based monitoring dashboard. The monitored parameters include current and voltage, which are transmitted via a Wi-Fi network and displayed on the dashboard in real time. The test results show that the system successfully measured voltage values ​​ranging from 203 V to 220.5 V and current values ​​ranging from 1.90 A to 2.03 A, achieving a monitoring success rate of 100%. The system was also capable of detecting normal conditions, undervoltage conditions, current leakage indications, corrosion and open-circuit faults based on predefined thresholds of 209–231 V for normal voltage and 1.8–2.0 A for normal current. Furthermore, data transmission to the monitoring dashboard achieved a 100% success rate with an average delay of 1.22 seconds. The developed system effectively provides real-time monitoring and fault detection for runway edge lights, thereby enhancing the reliability of runway lighting systems and supporting safer airport operations.