Decision Support System for Determining Priority Routes for Safety Vehicles for Emergency Response in Densely Populated Areas Using GIS-Based Dijkstra Algorithm

Abstract

Traffic density and limited information on alternative routes can hinder the mobility of safety vehicles in handling emergencies in densely populated areas. This study aims to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Decision Support System for Safety Vehicle Priority Route Determination using the Dijkstra algorithm in Medan Tembung District. The study uses a system development method through the stages of problem identification, data collection, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Data were obtained through field observations and secondary OpenStreetMap data. The study population includes the road network in Medan Tembung District, while the sample consists of the road network and location points in a simulation of the journey from Medan Haji Hospital to the emergency location. The analysis was carried out by representing the road network as a distance-weighted graph and comparing the results of manual calculations with the system output. The results show that the manual calculation produces a distance of 3.885 km, while the system displays a distance of 3.97 km with an estimated travel time of 6 minutes. Black Box testing shows that all tested features function as expected. This system can help visualize locations and determine routes based on distance, but does not take into account real-time traffic conditions.