Effect of Green Phoskko and Em4 Activators on Compost Making from a Mixture of Goat Manure and Tapioca Industrial Solid Waste Using the Windrow Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61536/ambidextrous.v4i01.446Keywords:
Compost Activator, EM4, Goat Manure, Green Phoskko, Windrow MethodAbstract
Organic waste from industrial cassava peels and goat manure in Lampung, a cassava production center (39.74 million tons in 2022), often pollutes the environment through open dumping due to slow natural composting from a high C/N ratio (>33). This quantitative true experimental study aims to analyze the effect of Green Phoskko and EM4 activators on windrow composting of goat manure-cassava peel mixture (1:1 ratio). The population of all potential mixtures in Lampung; purposive total sampling yielded 9 units (3 treatments × 3 replications, 6 kg/unit). Instruments used were thermometer, pH meter, spectrophotometer for N and C-organic, descriptive analysis and ANOVA/t-test via Excel/SPSS. The results showed Green Phoskko was superior: N increased by 2.80%, C-organic decreased by 15.55%, C/N ratio 10.50, pH 6.5-7, mesophilic temperature 28-32°C on day 28, meeting SNI 7763:2018. In conclusion, Green Phoskko is more effective in accelerating the composting of lignocellulosic waste than EM4.
Downloads
References
Adhi, Y., & Muda, P. (2014). The role of Trichoderma sp. in cellulose decomposition in agricultural waste composting. Indonesian Journal of Microbiology, 8(2), 45-52.
Akanbi, WB (2007). Nutrient release from fresh and composted cassava peel in pots planted with maize (Zea mays). Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(1), 12-19.
Amalia, R., & Widiartika, IGA (2016). The effect of activators on pH changes in the organic waste composting process. Journal of Environmental Technology, 17(2), 89-95.
Amnah, S., & Friska, D. (2019). Nitrogen requirements of microorganisms in the composting process of cassava peel waste. Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 12(1), 34-41.
Ayilara, M.S., Olanrewaju, O.S., Babalola, O.O., & Odeyemi, O. (2020). Waste management through composting: Challenges and potentials. Sustainability, 12(11), Article 4456.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114456
Cahyani, DA, & Rachmawati, PA (2013). Aeration rate in vegetable waste composting using a composter with a rotary mixer. Sainteks, 10(2), 9-21.https://doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v10i2.146
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Elamin, MZ, Ilmi, KN, Tahrirah, T., Zarnuzi, YA, Suci, YC, Rahmawati, DR, Dwi P., DM, Kusumaardhani, R., Rohmawati, RA, Bhagaskara, PA, & Nafisa, IF (2018). Analysis of waste management in the community of Disanah Village, Sreseh District, Sampang Regency. Journal of Environmental Health, 10(4), 368-375.https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.368-375
Emzir. (2022). Quantitative research methodology. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Hapsari, D. (2013). The effect of nitrogen content on the rate of decomposition of organic waste. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 9(1), 23-29.
Hemidat, S., Achouri, O., Ghazel, C., Inzunza, M., & Hafidi, M. (2018). Optimization of the industrial-scale continuous composting process of sewage sludge. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 7(3), 217-226.
Indra Dwi Faturahman. (2023). Testing of two bioactivators to increase the N content of cassava peel compost (Manihot esculenta C.) and its effect on the growth and N uptake of soybean plants (Glycine max L.) [Thesis, University of Jember].
Khater, ESG (2015). Some physical and chemical properties of compost. International Journal of Waste Resources, 5(1), 1-7.
Linda Trivana, et al. (2017). Optimizing composting time of goat manure and coconut fiber dust with EM4 bioactivator. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9(1), 19-24.
Liu, D. (2011). Nitrogen utilization in aerobic composting microbial activity. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1123-1130.
Pangaribuan, R., & Pujisiswanto, T. (2008). The effect of EM4 and Green Phoskko on the decomposition of cellulose and lignin. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(2), 67-74.
Pipid Ari Wibowo, et al. (2023). Effectiveness of cassava tape mol as a bioactivator for organic waste composting. Journal of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 11(2), 150-158.
Purwaningrum Kusbiantoro, P. (2021). Sustainable organic waste composting technology. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 16(1), 12-20.
White, OI, et al. (2022). Processing cassava peel waste as an effort to reduce environmental pollution. Journal of Food Processing, 7(1), 33-37.https://doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v7i1.64
Rahmawati, A., Kurniahu, H., & Sriwulan. (2017). Composting technique for used paper and household organic waste using cow rumen fluid starter. Journal of Biology & Learning, 4(2), 24-31.https://ojs.unpkediri.ac.id/index.php/biologi/article/view/929
Rastogi, M., Nandal, M., & Khosla, B. (2020). Microbes as vital additives for composting. Waste Management, 106, 57-70.
Retno Wulandari Sekarsari, NH, et al. (2020). Utilization of organic waste for compost processing. Journal of Community Empowerment Learning, 1, 200-206.
Shafiyah Setianingsih, & Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah. (2020). Potential of the co-composting method in bioremediation of soil contaminated with used lubricants using biodegradable organic waste. ITS Engineering Journal, 9(2), 88-95.
Sholihah, A., & Nurhidayati. (2018). IbM horticultural farmer group in the context of improving compost production management. Journal of Innovation in Community Service Results (JIPEMAS), 1(2), 94-104.https://doi.org/10.33474/jipemas.v1i2.1513
Siboro, L., et al. (2013). Biological activator for accelerating organic waste composting. Journal of Environmental Technology, 14(1), 56-62.
Sugiyono. (2021). Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods. Alfabeta.
Sugiyono. (2022). Quantitative research methods: Experimental approach. Alphabet.
Sudaryono. (2021). Quantitative and qualitative research methods for economics. Pustaka Setia.
Vaneza Citra Kurnia, SS, & Ganjar Samudro. (2017). The effect of water content on the results of organic waste composting using the open windrow method. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 6, 119-123.
[National Standardization Agency]. (2018). SNI 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizer. BSN.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Shela Septiyani, Natalina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
