Comparative Analysis of the Financial Performance of State-Owned Banks and National Private Banks in Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2020-2024 Period

Abstract

This study aims to compare the financial performance of state-owned banks and national private banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. Using a comparative descriptive approach, the study examines four state-owned banks and four national private banks based on secondary financial data obtained from their annual reports. The financial performance indicators comprise the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, the Independent Samples t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U test with IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results indicate statistically significant differences between the two banking groups in CAR (p < 0.001), NPL (p = 0.047), and LDR (p < 0.001), whereas the differences in BOPO (p = 0.787) and NIM (p = 0.326) were not statistically significant. National private banks recorded higher average CAR and lower average NPL and BOPO, while state-owned banks recorded higher average NIM and LDR. These findings indicate that the relative financial performance of the two groups varies across indicators. The results provide a comparative overview of capital adequacy, credit quality, operational efficiency, profitability, and liquidity among the selected banks during the observation period.